The pterygopalatine fossa is the region between the pterygomaxillary fissure and the nasal cavity. In fact, the pterygopalatine fossa is located medially to it, whereas the infratemporal fossa is located laterally and inferiorly to it. Parotid, temporal, and pterygopalatine region basicmedical key. However, its small volume and poor accessibility make it a difficult space to comprehend using two. Anatomy, pterygopalatine fossa statpearls ncbi bookshelf. A threedimensional print model of the pterygopalatine fossa.
Situated between the maxilla, sphenoid, and palatine bones. This space is formed between the maxilla, sphenoid and palatine bone. It is formed by parts of sphenoid bone, maxilla and palatine bone and communicates with nasal cavity, oral cavity, orbit, infratemporal fossa and middle cranial fossa. The ganglion, a triangular structure 5 mm in diameter, is covered by a layer of connective tissue and. The most important two contents of the pterygopalatine fossa are the maxillary. The pterygopalatine fossa ppf is a coneshaped depression deep to the.
Apr 25, 2017 the pterygopalatine fossa is a major distributing center for branches of the maxillary nerve and the pterygopalatine third part of the maxillary artery. It is largely innervated by the greater petrosal nerve a branch of the facial nerve. It is the indented area medial to the pterygomaxillary fissure leading into the. The pterygopalatine fossa can be assimilated to an inverted squarebased pyramid. Dec 29, 2018 the pterygopalatine fossa is an irregular space where neurovascular structures course through to the nasal cavity, palate, pharynx, orbit and face figure 221a and b. The anterior wall is formed by the posterior surface of the maxilla the medial wall is formed by the lateral surface of the palatine bone the posterior wall and roof are formed by parts of the sphenoid bone. It is located between the maxilla, sphenoid and palatine bones, and communicates with other regions of the skull and facial skeleton via several canals and foramina. Jul 23, 2016 the pterygopalatine fossa ppf is a pyramidal space with incomplete osseous boundaries located among the maxillary, sphenoid, and palatine bones fig. Medially the vertical plate of the palatine bone, anteriorly is the posterior wall of the maxillary sinus, posteriorly the vertical portion of the common root of the pteygoid plates, and laterally the pterygomaxillary fissure. It is located in the medial aspect of the temporal fossa and is formed by the divergence of the maxilla from the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone. The walls of the pterygopalatine fossa are as follows. This book is distributed under the terms of the creative commons attribution 4. The pterygomaxillary fissure is a triangular shaped lateral opening of pterygopalatine fossa. The maxillary artery is a terminal branch of the external carotid artery, courses anteriorly through the infratemporal fossa, traverses the pterygomaxillary.
The pterygopalatine fossa ppf is a narrow space located between the posterior wall of the antrum and the pterygoid plates. Extended endoscopic endonasal approach to the pterygopalatine. Pterygopalatine fossa is a pyramidal space located deep to infratemporal fossa and below the apex of orbit. It is located between the maxilla in front and the pterygoid portion of the sphenoid behind. At the level of foramen rotundum, both pterygopalatine fossae are visible.
A threedimensional print model of the pterygopalatine. A human skull contains two pterygopalatine fossaeone on the left side, and another on the right side. The pterygopalatine fossa flashcards by heather acuff. The borders forming the pterygopalatine fossa are the following. Pterygopalatine fossa boundaries mnemonics how to remember. The ppf is bounded posteriorly by the pterygoid plates of the sphenoid bone, which fuses at the skull base into the pterygoid process. A game changer in the treatment, management and elimination of chronic headaches and migraines. The sphenopalatine ganglion lies in the pterygopalatine fossa, which in the in the rat is only a shallow groove towards the lower, posterior end of the orbitotemporal fossa see chapter 5. Its small volume combined with the numerous structures that pass through makes this a complex region for anatomy students. It communicates via canals, fissures, and foramina with various regions of the skull. It communicates with the infratemporal fossa laterally through the maxillary fissure, with the orbit through the inferior orbital cleft, with the nasal cavity through the sphenopalatine orifice and the posterior superior region with the middle cranial fossa. Malignancies originating in this area pose a therapeutic challenge to. The pterygopalatine ganglion is found in the pterygoid fossa. Anatomy based corridors to the infratemporal fossa.
The pterygopalatine fossa ppf, less commonly known as the sphenopalatine fossa, is a small but complex space of the deep face in the shape of an inverted pyramid located between the maxillary bone anteriorly, the pterygoid process posteriorly, and orbital apex superiorly. The pterygopalatine fossa is an irregular space where neurovascular structures course through to the nasal cavity, palate, pharynx, orbit and face figure 221a and b. Respiratory system anatomy lecture 4 2 anatomical structure and boundaries the pterygopalatine fossa is an inverted tear drop shaped space. Medially it is limited by the perpendicular process of the palatine. The pterygopalatine fossa is a coneshaped space in the medial continuation of the infratemporal fossa.
Pdf endoscopic anatomy of the pterygopalatine fossa and the. The temporal fossa is a fossa shallow depression on the side of the skull bounded by the temporal lines and terminating below the level of the zygomatic arch. The pterygopalatine ganglion aka meckels ganglion, nasal ganglion, spg or sphenopalatine ganglion is a parasympathetic ganglion found in the pterygopalatine fossa. Laterally it is open, via pterygomaxillary fissure it is communicates with infratemporal fossa. This is the largest component of the infratemporal fossa. Name the structures that form the boundaries of pterygopalatine fossa. In human anatomy, the pterygopalatine fossa is a fossa in the skull. Medially the vertical plate of the palatine bone, anteriorly is the posterior wall of the maxillary sinus, posteriorly the vertical portion of the common root of the pteygoid plates, and laterally the pterygomaxillary fissure figure 1. The pterygopalatine fossa is a bilateral, coneshaped depression extending deep from the infratemporal fossa all the way to the nasal cavity via the sphenopalatine foramen. Maxillary bone forms its anterior wall the lateral surface of the palatine bone forms the medial wall the sphenoid bone particularly the pterygoid plate forms the. Anatomy pterygopalatine fossa questions and study guide.
Waldman, in pain management, 2007 sphenopalatine ganglion anatomy. Introduction paired fat filled space of the deep face boundaries anterior. The neurovascular structures enter and exit the fossa through the following boundaries. Boundaries of the pterygopalatine fossa the pterygopalatine fossa is an irregular space where neurovascular structures course through to the nasal cavity, palate, pharynx, orbit and face figure 221a and b. The infraorbital nerve is a consistent landmark that delimits the surgical boundaries between the pterygopalatine fossa and the infratemporal fossa. In 1986 i learned about sphenopalatine ganglion blocks from a patient who brought me the book, miracles on park avenue and wanted me to find him a doctor who did the procedure in chicago. Endoscopic endonasal approach to the pterygopalatine fossa. Dvr studies of the right pterygopalatine fossa, with different bone subtraction a 95 %, b100 %. Infratemporal fossa drtbalus otolaryngology online. Dimensional print model of the pterygopalatine fossa. Each fossa is a coneshaped paired depression deep to the infratemporal fossa and posterior to the maxilla on each side of the skull, located between the pterygoid process and the maxillary tuberosity close to the apex of the orbit. Books lane medical library stanford university school. The nose is part of the respiratory tract and includes the external nose mostly cartilaginous with a bony superior and the nasal cavity. Its importance lies as the neurovascular crossroad of the nasal cavity, masticator space, orbit, oral cavity, and middle.
Why is the pterygopalatine fossa referred to as the neurovascular crossroad. Pdf squamous cell carcinoma of the pterygopalatine fossa. The maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve enters the pterygopalatine fossa at its posterior boundary via the foramen rotundum. Boundaries of the pterygopalatine fossa foramen rotundum for cn v2. While in the fossa, it gives off the zygomatic nerve, which, passing into the orbit through the inferior orbital fissure, will bifurcate to form the zygomaticotemporal and zygomaticofacial nerves. The pterygopalatine fossa contains the maxillary nerve, the maxillary artery third part and the pterygopalatine parasympathetic ganglion. Oct 20, 2020 pterygopalatine fossa lateralleft view the pterygopalatine fossa is an inverted pyramidalshaped, fatfilled space located on the lateral side of the skull, between the infratemporal fossa and the nasopharynx. Pterygopalatine fossa outline anatomical structure and boundaries foramina and communications with other spaces and cavities contents pterygopalatine ganglion especial emphasis on certain arteries and nerves related to the fossa e.
Anatomical location of infratemporal fossa, its boundaries, and structures found in the fossa. The flow of blood to the nasal mucosa, in particular the venous plexus of the. Post wall of maxilla communicating orbit on top through medial end of inferior orbital. The root of the pterygoid process and the adjoining part of the anterior surface of the greater wing of the sphenoid. The ppf communicates with the orbit via the inferior orbital fissure figure 2a, with the middle cranial fossa via the foramen rotundum and. The pterygopalatine fossa is an important space because it communicates with the middle cranial fossa, orbit, nasal cavity, oral cavity, pharynx, foramen lacerum, and the infratemporal fossa via. The pterygopalatine ganglion is commonly called the sphenopalatine ganglion or spg. Surgical access to this anatomical space is difficult, especially for tumor.
Pterygoid canal for the nerve of the pterygoid canal vidian nerve. Robert lewis maynard, noel downes, in anatomy and histology of the laboratory rat in toxicology and biomedical research, 2019. The muscles of mastication, their origin, insertion, action as well as. The borders forming the pterygopalatine fossa are the following anterior. Due to its inherent complex location and connections, it can potentially act as a natural conduit for the spread of. Also explore over 281 similar quizzes in this category. The fossa is located between the pterygoid process and the maxillary tuberosity. Which division of the trigeminal nerve is found in the pp fossa. They will update their knowledge and improve their clinical expertise. It connects the infratemporal fossa with the pterygopalatine fossa borders.
Its main contents are the maxillary artery and maxillary nerve. Anterior superomedial part of the posterior surface of the maxilla. The infratemporal fossa has the following boundaries figure 211a. The pterygopalatine fossa is a bilateral, coneshaped depression extending from the infratemporal fossa to the nasal cavity via the sphenopalatine foramen. The boundaries of the pterygopalatine fossa are the. Clinical functional anatomy of the pterygopalatine ganglion. The pterygopalatine fossa the pterygopalatine fossa lies beneath the posterior surface of the maxilla and the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone. The nasal septum bony perpendicular plate of ethmoid and vomer bones, and cartilaginous parts divides the nose into two chambers. The fossa is located between the pterygoid process and the maxillary tuberosity, close to the orbital apex. Medially is the perpendicular plate of palatine bone. The pterygopalatine fossa ppf is a coneshaped depression deep to the infratemporal fossa and posterior to the maxilla on both sides of the skull. Lateral to the pterygoid plate and the pterygomaxillary fissure a communication between the infratemporal fossa and the pterygopalatine fossa. The pterygopalatine fossa ppf is a bilateral space deep within the skull that serves as a major neurovascular junction. The pterygopalatine fossa ppf is a region marked by complex anatomy.
It is located between, and has communications with, the infratemporal fossa, nasal cavity, orbit, middle cranial fossa, pharyngeal vault, maxillary sinus, and oral cavity palate. Establish boundaries and contents of the nasal cavity. Pterygopalatine fossa an overview sciencedirect topics. This video is about the pterygopalatine fossa, its boundaries, communications and contents in detail. It is known as a major neurovascular crossroad between the orbit, the nasal cavity, the nasopharynx, the oral cavity, the infratemporal fossa, and the cranial fossa. Located in the pterygopalatine fossa, posterior to the middle turbinate, the sphenopalatine i.
Its small volume combined with the numerous structures. Pterygopalatine fossaboundaries, communication, contents. The pterygopalatine fossa is a relatively inaccessible location that lies in the deep face and thus, is a traditionally difficult area for health science students to conceptualize and comprehend. From wikipedia, the free encyclopedia in human anatomy, the pterygopalatine fossa sphenopalatine fossa is a fossa in the skull. Pterygomaxillary fissure radiology reference article. The pterygomaxillary fissure is a triangular shaped lateral opening of pterygopalatine fossa gross anatomy. Clinical functional anatomy of the pterygopalatine. The pterygopalatine fossa ppf is a small, clinically inaccessible, fatfilled space located in the deep face that serves as a major neurovascular. The pterygopalatine fossa is a bilateral, coneshaped depression extending deep from the infratemporal fossa all the way to the nasal cavity via the sphenopalatine foramen it is located between the maxilla, sphenoid and palatine bones, and communicates with other regions of the skull and facial skeleton via several canals and foramina. Clinically, it is an important region with several inputs distal maxillary artery, nerve of the pterygoid canal vidian nerve.
Find out in this article, where we explore its anatomy and clinical aspects. Pdf atypical dens in dente surgical and prosthetic. Its boundaries are formed by the following structures. The ppg is located in the pterygopalatine fossa ppf. However, its small volume and poor accessibility make it a difficult space to comprehend using twodimensional illustrations and cadaveric dissections. Its borders are then defined by a base, a vertex, and four walls. Anatomical location of pterygopalatine fossa, its walls and contents. The walls of the pterygopalatine fossa are formed by. Try this amazing pterygopalatine fossa quiz which has been attempted 497 times by avid quiz takers. The pterygopalatine fossa is a small, wedgeshaped space posteromedial to the maxilla, anterior to the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone, and inferior to the apex of the orbit. It connects the infratemporal fossa with the pterygopalatine fossa. The pterygopalatine fossa is an irregular space where neurovascular structures course through to the nasal cavity, palate, pharynx, orbit, and face figure 221a and b. A human skull contains two pterygopalatine fossae one on the left side, and another on the right side.
The book is intended for intensive care physicians, respirologists, physiologists, rehabilitation specialists, basic scientists in respiration, research and clinical fellows, biomedical engineers involved with respiratory mechanics and respiratory therapists. The pterygopalatine fossa contents openings teachmeanatomy. The pterygopalatine fossa is an inverted pyramidshaped space of the viscerocranium, protected by bony structures. Atypical dens in dente surgical and prosthetic rehabilitation treatment. This is a small pyramidal space situated deeply, below the apex of the orbit. May 26, 2016 abstract the pterygopalatine fossa ppf is a small, clinically inaccessible, fatfilled space located in the deep face that serves as a major neurovascular crossroad between the oral cavity, nasal cavity, nasopharynx, orbit, masticator space, and the middle cranial fossa. Microsurgical anatomy and its relevance for skull base surgery. Its contents are the maxillary nerve cn v2, the parasympathetic pterygopalatine ganglion, the third part of the maxillary artery and accompanying veins, and a. Posteriorly by pterygoid process and greater wing of sphenoid. Anterior to the mastoid and styloid processes of the temporal bone. To simplify the description of the endoscopic anatomy of the pterygopalatine fossa, we considered bone, vascular, and nerve structures separately. Its size varies depending on the development of the maxillary and sphenoid sinuses and is approximately 2 cm in height and 1 cm at the base.
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